Aquaculture is a rapidly growing industry in Malaysia, with a total production of 79,699 tons valued at RM 207.4 million in 1992. Semi-culture of the cockle Anadara granosa is still the predominant activity, contributing roughly 70% of the total output. However, marine cage culture of sea bass Lates calcarifer is the largest contributor to production with over 80% of the marine cage output. Other species, such as grouper Epinephelus sp., snapper Lutjanus sp., and pompano Trachinotus blochii, are also cultured at smaller scales.
Freshwater species are also widely cultivated in Malaysia. Red tilapia hybrid is the major species cultured in cages with 1,486 tons harvested in 1992. Freshwater pond production was valued at RM 100.85 million, and 22% of this value was attributed to eel Anguilla japonica. Production of freshwater ornamental fishes is also becoming significant.
An attempt has been made to culture non-conventional species such as the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana, the soft-shell turtle Trionyx sinensis, and aquatic ornamental plants. The indigenous freshwater catfish Mystus nemurus and carp Probarbus julleini have been bred in captivity and cultured experimentally.
Malaysia’s aquaculture sector still has a long way to go in terms of producing a variety of high-quality products. However, the introduction of new species and innovative technologies, such as floating cage culture systems, could transform the industry and enable it to achieve sustainable growth.
Floating cage culture systems have been increasingly used in Malaysia as they offer several advantages, including ease of construction and low capital cost. These systems can be built using locally available materials, such as bamboo poles, wood, and PVC pipes. Site selection is critical for floating cage culture systems, and factors such as water quality, accessibility, and market demand must be considered.
Structural design is also crucial for the successful implementation of floating cage culture systems. The design should be able to withstand rough weather conditions, provide a stable platform for fish growth, and allow water to circulate freely. Appropriate stocking densities and feeding regimes are also crucial for efficient fish farming.
Construction and management are essential components of floating cage culture systems. Construction should be carried out by professionals who have the necessary skills and expertise to build a robust and durable cage structure. Management requires the provision of adequate food and water, regular monitoring of water quality, and disease control measures.
Innovative technologies, such as automatic feeders and remote monitoring devices, can also be integrated into floating cage culture systems to enhance efficiency and reduce labor costs.
In conclusion, the aquaculture industry in Malaysia has tremendous potential for growth and development. The introduction of floating cage culture systems and the cultivation of non-conventional species could transform the sector and enable it to achieve sustainable growth. However, it is essential to ensure that production is carried out in an environmentally friendly manner that takes into account the need to preserve natural resources for future generations.